How Probation is Regulated in Vietnam Labour Code?

Probation is an agreement between an employee and an employer on a probationary job in a certain period of time in accordance with the provisions of law. Before entering into a labor contract, the employer and the employee should go through a probationary period to determine the long-term cooperation and attachment between the parties. The probation should comply with the provisions of the Labor Code and relevant guiding documents. The Labor Code 2019 comes into force as of January 1^st, 2020, a number of new regulations accordingly are issued in connection to the probation, which each company should review the matter with its labour dispute lawyers in Vietnam for compliance.

Regarding the circumstances which are permitted to enter into a probationary contract, this contract is not applicable to the labor term which is below 01 month.  The Labor Code 2012 does not require that the probationary provision must be stipulated in the labor contract. Accordingly, an employer and an employee may negotiate on the probation, the rights and responsibilities of the parties during the probation period. The parties may conclude a probation contract if there is an agreement on the probation. If the probation work meets the requirements, the employer shall conclude an employment contract with the employee. From these provisions, it can be understood that the employee and the employer should make a separate probationary contract. The labor contract should be signed when the probation is completed and the employee meets the recruitment requirements of the employer. According to the latest provisions in the Labor Code 2019, the employer and the employee may agree on the probation stated in the labor contract or a separate probationary contract. If the probationary provision is stipulated in the labor contract, the employer shall continue performing the existing labor contract at the end of the probationary period once the employee satisfies the requirements. Otherwise, a new labor contract shall be entered into.

The Labor Code determined the restriction of the probation period based on the nature and complexity of the job. The probationary period previously was limited to no more than 60 days for jobs requiring a college or higher professional qualification. Currently, the probationary period is permitted to extend up to 180 days for the executives. The executives play an important role in business and operation of the enterprises, including owner of a sole proprietorship, a partner of a partnership company, chairperson or member of the Board of Member, President of a company, President or member of the Board of Directors, Director/General Director, or holder of another managerial position prescribed in the company’s charter (applicable to the enterprise with no state capital)

Another amendment to the cancellation of the probationary contract, the Labor Code 2019 removed the limitation of the right to cancel. Accordingly, during the probationary period, each party has the right to cancel the probationary contract or labor contract entered into without prior notice and compensation. On the contrary, the employee and the employer may cancel the probation if the probationary job does not meet the requirements that the parties have agreed upon under the Labor Code 2012

Probationary periods are primarily designed to test out whether both employer and employee to match each other at the start of an employment relationship. The enterprises as employers need to have a clear understanding of the principles of entering into a labor contract as well as a probationary contract to avoid potential dispute in Vietnam.